記‧憶

以前看Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish（求知若飢，虛心若愚）這演講的影片時，

對科技產業沒興趣也完全無知的我，根本不知道賈伯斯（Steve Paul Jobs）是誰！

賈伯斯是蘋果電腦（Apple）的董事長兼首席執行長，

發現得到胰臟癌、手術後一年，

他在史丹佛大學畢業典禮上演講Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish（2005年），

講詞中的很多想法，於我心有戚戚，當時，我就想與朋友們分享。  

前陣子盛傳賈伯斯病危，很多人想起幾年前這令人印象深刻的演講，

我又收到朋友們的轉寄。

值日本天災發生，數萬人瞬間天人永隔，

在澎湃的悲憫情緒升起時，我們同時強烈意識到「命在旦夕不可測之間」。

這類「極端事件」——天災、人禍、病痛，會讓我們突然警醒，去思考：

我想怎麼過接下來的日子？如何擁有無悔的人生？有什麼心願尚待完成？……

會有一陣子， 我們是如此感恩和珍惜每天的生命和身旁的親友，

如此認真活出每一天的意義……，

但這些感慨和思考，是否能促成更持續的愛生、惜生、善生的行動力？

賈伯斯這回顧一生，生動、誠摯的演講，或可幫助我們……，

這次，我決定要與大家分享。

發現幾個版本的影片，有少部分誤譯處，但我沒能力修改影片字幕，

於是找出中英文演講稿，依我的理解重新順稿，

以中英對照的方式呈現，與大家分享。

如有誤解、誤譯之處，請朋友來信指教，我再做修正。

                            Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish

                                        求知若飢，虛心若愚

今天，很榮幸來到世界上最優秀大學之一的貴校，出席各位的畢業典禮。說實話，我大學沒畢業，這是我離大學畢業最近的一刻。今天，我只說三個故事；不談大道理，講三個故事就好。

I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told,I never graduated from college. This is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.

第一個故事，是關於人生中點點滴滴的關連性。

我在里德學院（Reed College）待了六個月就休學，到我真正輟學前，一共休學十八個月。為什麼會休學？這得從我出生前講起。

我的生母當時是個讀研究所的年輕未婚媽媽，她決定讓別人收養我。她很希望我的養父母有大學學歷，所以我出生時，她準備讓一對律師夫婦收養我。這對夫妻到了最後一刻卻反悔，想收養女孩。在等待收養名單上的一對夫妻——我的養父母，某天半夜接到一通電話，問他們「有一名意外出生的男孩，你們要認養他嗎？」他們回答「當然要」。我的生母後來才發現，養母根本沒有大學畢業，養父則連高中都沒畢業，於是拒絕在最後的認養文件上簽字；幾個月後，養父母保證將來一定讓我上大學，她的態度才軟化。我的人生就這樣開始。

The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born.

My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We’ve got an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my life.

十七年後，我真的上大學了，但我無知地選了一所學費幾乎跟史丹佛一樣貴的大學（聽眾笑)，我那工人階級的父母，將畢生積蓄全數支付我的學費。過了六個月，我還看不出花這麼多錢唸書的價值何在。那時，我根本不知道這輩子要幹什麼，也不知道唸大學對解答這個疑惑有何幫助，只知道為了唸這大學，我花光了父母畢生的積蓄，所以我決定先休學，也相信船到橋頭自然直。當時，這個決定看來相當可怕，可是現在看來，那是我這輩子做過的最好決定之一（聽眾笑)。休學後，我馬上可以不上沒興趣的必修課，而把時間花在比較感興趣的課。

And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

這事可沒想像中浪漫。我沒有宿舍可住，睡朋友家地板，靠著回收一個五分錢的可樂空罐攢錢買吃的。星期天晚上得走七哩路，繞過大半市鎮，去印度教的Hare Krishna神廟吃頓好料；我好愛那裡的食物！回頭看，這些追隨好奇與直覺而意外涉入的事，都成了無比珍貴的經歷。舉個例來說：

當時的里德學院，開了可能是全國最棒的書寫課程，每張校園海報、每個抽屜標籤上，都是美麗的手寫字。因為休學，可以不上正規課程，我去上了書寫課。我學到serif與sanserif字體，學會如何調整不同字母組合間的距離，也得知排版設計有多了不起。這些字體的美感、歷史意味與藝術感，是科學所無法捕捉的，而我深受吸引。

It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.

我從沒冀望這些學習能實際應用於生命中，不過十年後，設計第一台麥金塔電腦時，我想起了當時所學，把這些觀念都設計進去。因此，麥金塔電腦成了第一台擁有漂亮字體的電腦。

如果不是因為我意外選了那門書寫課，麥金塔就不可能有多樣字體和等比例間距的字體了。而Windows是抄襲麥金塔電腦的（聽眾大笑），所以如果我當時沒那麼設計，很可能，現在的電腦就都沒有這些字體；也就是說，當年若沒休學，我可能沒上到書寫課，所有的個人電腦，或許不會有這些美妙的字體變化。當然，我不可能在讀大學時，就把這點點滴滴的事件，預先串連在一起，但在十年後的今天回顧，點滴事件間的關連是非常明顯的。

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography.

If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.

我想再強調一次：你無法預先串連人生點滴事件間的關係，只有在未來回顧時，才明白它們之間的關連性。所以，你得相信眼前經歷的種種，將來多少會有關連；你得相信某個東西，不管是直覺、命運或是業力。相信事件點滴終有關連，這種信念，會讓你有信心去追隨心的呼聲；即使直覺引導你走的是一條再尋常不過的路，也會有完全不同的經歷。

Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. Because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart. Even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.

我的第二個故事，是有關愛與失去。

我很幸運，年輕時就發現自己愛做的事。二十歲那年，我跟Steve Wozniak在父母的車庫裡開始了蘋果電腦生意。拼命工作的結果是，蘋果電腦在十年間，從車庫裡兩個小夥子員工起家，擴展成市值二十億美金、超過四千名員工的公司。在解僱事件發生前一年，我們推出了最棒的作品——麥金塔電腦，那時我剛邁入三十歲。之後，我就被解僱了。我怎麼會被自己創辦的公司給解僱呢？（聽眾笑）

嗯……，當蘋果電腦成長後，我請了一位我認為很有才幹的人合夥經營公司。頭幾年，我們合作順利，但後來，彼此對未來願景的意見出現分歧，最後各執一詞，而董事會站在他那邊。就這樣，我在30歲的時候被解僱了，而且是在那麼公開的情況下被解僱。我失去過去生活的所有重心，幾乎一蹶不振。

My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started?

Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

有幾個月，我真不知道該怎麼辦，我覺得令企業界前輩們失望——我把他們交給我的接力棒弄掉了。我見了David Packard（惠普科技創辦人之一）與Bob Noyce（英特爾創辦人之一），向他們道歉，說我把事情給搞砸了。眾人皆知我的失敗，我甚至因此而想逃離矽谷。但漸漸地，我發現我還是喜愛過去所做的事，在蘋果電腦的解僱事件，絲毫沒有改變這個事實。我曾被否定，可是，我還是愛做那些事，所以，我決定從頭做起。

當時我沒發現，但現在看來，被蘋果電腦開除對我是最好的；成功的壓力被創業的輕鬆所取代，每件事也都少了些確定性，這些，都解放了我的束縛，讓我進入人生中最有創意的階段。

I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

 I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

接下來五年，我開了一家叫做 NeXT的公司，又開一家叫做Pixar的公司，也跟一位很棒的女性——未來的妻子Laurene談戀愛。Pixar製作了世界上第一部電腦動畫電影——玩具總動員；現在，它是世界上最成功的動畫製作公司。經過一些意外的轉折，蘋果電腦買下了NeXT，我因而重回蘋果電腦公司。我們在NeXT發展的技術，成了蘋果電腦重現輝煌的核心技術，我跟Laurene也組了幸福家庭。

During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.

我很確定，如果當年蘋果電腦沒開除我，後來的一切都不會發生；就像藥很苦，卻是病人所需。有時候，人生的挫折就像磚頭重擊你的頭，但請不要喪失信心。我可以很肯定地說：支持我一路走下來的唯一理由，就是我深愛我所做的事。

I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.

你得找出你的最愛——找出最愛的工作，也找出最愛的人。工作會佔掉人生一大部分時間，只有做你相信是偉大的工作，才能獲得真正的滿足感；而要做出偉大工作的唯一方法，就是做你最愛的事。如果你還沒找到這些事，繼續找，別停下腳步！盡全心全力找，找到它時，你自然會知道的。而且，如同任何美好的感情關係，事情的發展，總會隨著時間越來越好，所以，請繼續找，別停下腳步。

You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.

我的第三個故事，是關於死亡。

十七歲時，我曾讀到一段話，大致是說：「如果把每一天都當成生命中的最後一天來過，總有某天，那真的就是你生命的最後一天。」（聽眾笑）我對這段話印象深刻。過去33年，我每天早上都會對著鏡子自問：「如果今天是此生最後一日，我會做原本準備今天要做的事嗎？」當我連續很多天都得到「不，不會。」的答案時，我就知道必須做些改變了。

My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.

提醒自己「我就快死了」，是我在面臨人生重大抉擇時，幫助我做決定的最重要方法；因為，幾乎每件事——所有旁人的期待、所有個人自尊問題、所有對困難或失敗的恐懼，在面對死亡時，全都煙消雲散，只留下真正重要的。據我所知，提醒自己即將死去，是避免老是擔心將會有所損失的最好方法；你已一無所有，沒理由不順心而為！

Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.

一年前，我被診斷出癌症。早上七點半做的斷層掃描，在胰臟部位明顯出現腫瘤，當時我連胰臟是什麼都不知道呢！醫生告訴我，這類腫瘤幾乎可以確定是無藥可醫，預計我活不過三到六個月。醫生建議我回家，「把事情處理好」；醫生暗示病人要為死亡做準備時，總會這麼說。那代表你得試著在幾個月內，把未來十年想對小孩說的話全講完；那代表，你得把每件事情搞定，家人以後才會比較輕鬆；那代表，你得跟大家道再見了。

About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.

我整天想著那個診斷結果。當天稍晚做了一次切片，從喉嚨伸入一個內視鏡，穿過胃，進到腸子，將探針伸進胰臟，取出一些腫瘤細胞。我打了鎮靜劑，不太清楚，但我太太在場。她後來跟我說，醫生們用顯微鏡看過那些細胞後，都哭了出來，因為那是非常少見的一種胰臟癌，可以用手術治療。於是，我接受手術，也康復了。

I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.

這是我最接近死亡的時候，我希望那會是未來幾十年內最接近死亡的一刻。以前，我把死亡當作用以討論但純粹抽象的概念，歷經此事，我能更肯定地告訴你們：沒人想死！即使想上天堂的人，也想活著進天堂。（聽眾笑）然而，死亡是我們共同的終點，沒人逃得過。本來就該有死亡，因為，它很可能是生命中最棒的發明。死亡是生命交替的轉換點：清除老舊，讓位給新生命。現在，那新生命就是你們，但不久的將來，你們會慢慢老化，最後，被清除。抱歉，我形容得如此戲劇化，但，這是千真萬確的事實。

This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.

時間有限，不要浪費時間活在別人的生命裡，不要被教條——他人的思考結論所困，不要讓別人的意見淹沒你內在的心聲。最重要的是，擁有追隨自己內心與直覺的勇氣，其他任何事物都是次要；因為，你的內心與直覺，多少已經知道你真正想成為怎樣的人。

Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

我年輕時，有本令人讚嘆的雜誌叫《Whole Earth Catalog》，這可是當年的經典讀物之一，是住在離這不遠（Menlo Park）的Stewart Brand所發行，他把這份雜誌辦得很有詩意。那是1960年代末期，個人電腦和桌上排版還沒出現，雜誌的所有內容都是用打字機、剪刀跟拍立得相機做出來，看起來有點像印在紙上的平面Google，而Google在35年後才出現。這本雜誌很有理想性，處處可見很棒的技巧和概念。

When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

Stewart跟他的團隊出版了好幾期的《Whole Earth Catalog》，過了一段時間，出版停刊號。當時是1970年代中期，我正是你們這個年齡。停刊號的封底有張照片，拍的是清晨的鄉間小路；那小路是你四處搭便車冒險旅行時，會經過的鄉間小路。照片下印了幾個字：「求知若飢，虛心若愚」，那是編輯們親筆寫下的告別註腳。爾後，我總以這兩句話自期。在各位畢業、展開新生活的此時，我也以此祝福你們：求知若飢，虛心若愚。

謝謝各位。

Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.

Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

Thank you all very much.

⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ⊙

以上的紅字，是我很喜歡的部分。

我覺得賈伯斯很棒，年輕時就懂得自我省察：是否無憾無悔地過每一天。罹癌之後，他更珍視自己的生命，語重心長地告訴我們他的領悟：死亡不可免，對整體來說，它是善的——汰舊換新，但就個人來說，沒有人想死，而積極面對死的態度，就是好好地活。

對賈伯斯來說，好好地活，是撇開外在因素，依個人直覺並傾聽內在聲音，去選擇所愛的人、所愛的工作。回頭看時，會發現人生點滴事件的關連性（我覺得，不僅能發現事件間的「關連性」，還可以看到這些關連事件所共同呈現的「意義」），也會發現人生當中所有失去、失敗、挫折等經歷，都有其必然存在的理由：它們共同成就後來的一切。因選擇所愛，在過程中，賈伯斯願意承擔，不因挫敗而自我否定、失去前進的動力，最終能在生命回顧時，做一整體的肯定。

儘管每個人對於死亡是否是「終點」，有不同的看法，但我認為，不管是否有來世，把握當下，愛生、惜生、善生，仍是最重要的。感謝賈伯斯誠摯分享的善生故事。